incunable – Anton Koberger – Nuremberg 1494 incunabula

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incunable – Anton Koberger – Nuremberg 1494 incunabula Picture(s) and Description:

A leaf from the incunable book "Sermones Discupili" by Johannes Herolt printed by Anton Koberger in Nuremberg Germany in 1494. Double columned black ink text, Gothic style, in Latin with extensive handpainting in red ink (rubrication) throughout. Large Decorative caps on one side and the head of one side. Size approx. 8 1/4" x 11", This is NOT a copy or reproduction. Rubrication was one of several steps in the medieval process of manuscript making. Practitioners of rubrication, so-called rubricators, were specialized scribes who received text from the manuscript's original scribe (or in this case from Koberger, the printer) and supplemented it with additional text in red ink by hand for emphasis. The term rubrication comes from the Latin rubrico, "to color red". The writings of Johannes Herolt, Dominican friar from Basel, who flourished during the first half of the fifteenth century, in the convent at Nuremberg (†1468), who signed his works Discipulus,were enormously popular throughout Germany and eastern Europe. Incunable, or sometimes incunabulum, plural incunabula or incunables, is a book, or even a single sheet of text, that was printed — not handwritten (manuscript) — before the year 1501 in Europe. Incunable is the Anglicized (singular) form of "incunabula", Latin for "swaddling clothes" or "cradle" which can refer to "the earliest stages or first traces in the development of anything." The first recorded use of incunabula as a printing term is in a Latin pamphlet by Bernhard von Mallinckrodt, De ortu et progressu artis typographicae ("Of the rise and progress of the typographic art", Cologne, 1639), which includes the phrase prima typographicae incunabula, "the first infancy of printing", a term to which he arbitrarily set an end, 1500, which still stands as a convention. The end date for identifying a printed book as an incunable is convenient but was chosen arbitrarily. It does not reflect any notable developments in the printing process around the year 1500. The term came to denote the printed books themselves in the late seventeenth century. Anton Koberger (c. 1440/1445 – 3 October 1513), was the German goldsmith, printer and publisher who printed and published the Nuremberg Chronicle, a landmark of incunabula, and was a successful bookseller of works from other printers. He established in 1470 the first printing house in Nuremberg. He was born to an established Nuremberg family of bakers, and makes his first appearance in 1464 in the Nuremberg list of citizens. In 1470 he married Ursula Ingram and after her death he remarried another member of the Nuremberg patriciate, Margarete Holzschuher, in 1491. In all he fathered twenty-five children, of whom thirteen survived to adulthood. Koberger was the godfather of Albrecht Dürer, whose family lived on the same street. In the year before Dürer's birth in 1471 he ceased gold-smithing to become a printer and publisher. He quickly became the most successful publisher in Germany, absorbing his rivals over the years to become a large capitalist enterprise, with twenty-four presses in operation, printing numerous works simultaneously and employing at its height 100 workers: printers, typesetters, typefounders, illuminators, and the like. Constantly improving his business prospects, he sent out traveling agents and established links with booksellers all over Western Europe, including Venice, Europe's other great center of printing, Milan, Paris, Lyon, Vienna and Budapest. At the supply end, he obtained two papermills. His printing house survived his death only until 1526, and the family continued as goldsmiths and jewelers.