Medieval Land Deed Handwritten Manuscript/middle Ages

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FANTASTIC, ORIGINAL CIRCA 1318 ENGLISH LAND DEED. This amazing manuscript from the early Middle Ages was penned in brown ink on firm vellum, in chancery hand. Document describes a transaction by which William, son of Peter Elias.bequeaths a measure of land in Condyok to William, son of Thomas de Fenton. This stunning original manuscript, inked during the reign of Edward II of England, is nicely framed. Document harnessed in red thread and encased in glass, with calligraphic handwritten description on sunken mount [see images]. Edward II (1284 1327), also called Edward of Carnarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. He was the seventh Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II. Interspersed between the strong reigns of his father Edward I and son Edward III, the reign of Edward II was disastrous for England, marked by incompetence, political squabbling, and military defeats. Although large in stature and powerfully built, he was more interested in light entertainment and simple pleasures than in the duties of governing.

Widely suspected of being both homosexual and bisexual, Edward II was unable to deny even the most grandiose favors to his male favorites [first a Gascon knight named Piers Gaveston, later a young English lord named Hugh Despenser] which led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition. Whereas Edward I had conquered all of Wales and the Scottish lowlands, and ruled them with an iron hand, the army of Edward II was devastatingly defeated at Bannockburn, freeing Scotland from English control and allowing Scottish forces to raid unchecked throughout the north of England. In addition to these disasters, Edward II is remembered for his mysterious death in Berkeley Castle, apparently by murder, and more positively for being the first monarch to establish colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

The Middle Ages [i.e., Medieval Period] spanned more than 700 years, beginning around the year 800. This formative era witnessed key advances in society, government and religion. In 1066, William the Conqueror led the Norman Conquest of England which brought feudalism and began the widespread building of castles. Feudalism continued to develop, reaching its height during this period. Since there was little unity or regional boundaries outside of the large cities, the feudal system started to provide this societal climate a basis for governmental structure. Under the feudal system, individuals were bound to serve a superior with the king being at the top, and the nobles, barons, lords and knights below him.

In return for service, individuals received protection from their superiors and in exchange would provide forces to wage battle if needed. The basis of constitutional government can also be traced to the Medieval Period with the signing of the Magna Carta, or the Great Charter, in 1215. Following the rule of Charlemagne, Christianity spread throughout Europe, serving as a unifying force for the continent. This was in part due to the Great Schism of 1054 where two competing religious authorities, Pope Leo IX of the Roman Catholic Church, and Patriarch Michael I of the Eastern Orthodox faith, excommunicated each other in a dispute over authority.

The Crusades also occupy a major chapter of Medieval history. Following the split of the church and the expansion of Christianity, the Crusades were launched largely to defend Christianity from Islam. Thousands of Europeans traveled to Jerusalem to wage war with Islamic forces, to settle the tumultuous region and to regain the Holy Land. For a time their quest was successful, however with the fall of Acre in 1291, the Crusades effectively ended. In total, the Crusades lasted more than 200 years and resulted in countless numbers killed and wounded.

At the same time, Europeans were enlightened with many new advances and developed new trade routes. Improvements in navigation were discovered and new items such as silk, gunpowder and navigational aids were introduced. This spawned the Age of Exploration. Although much positive came from medieval times, the period was not without daunting challenges. Population explosions caused poor sanitary conditions leading to the Black Death, from which nearly half of Europes population died. A particularly dark time in Church history came with the Inquisition, wherein a blind quest for heretics led to the torture and death of many innocent people in the name of Christianity. Historians sometimes divide the Medieval Period into the Dark Ages, the High Middle Ages and the Later Middle Ages, which preceded the Renaissance.

Condition: Rare medieval manuscript remains in very good condition [see images]. Wood framed document harnessed in red thread and encased in protective glass, with calligraphic description sunken mounted below. Document measures approx 3.25" high x 8.5" long; frame measures approx 11.5" wide x 12.5" tall. Quite a find and a very worthy acquisition indeed.

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